Mainline railways involve diverse subsystems, including signaling, power supply, and communication, which are difficult to integrate effectively.
Delayed responses to incidents, inconsistent system performance, and inefficient resource allocation hinder smooth railway operations.
Maintenance of aging infrastructure and equipment requires significant time and financial investment, leading to high operating costs.
The heavy reliance on foreign PLCs and automation systems poses risks to the autonomy and security of critical railway infrastructure.
Inefficient management of energy-intensive systems, such as traction power and station operations, results in significant energy consumption and costs.
As passenger volumes increase and railway networks expand, existing systems struggle to meet operational demands.